[Abstract] "The location of the high-speed railway station is related to the overall layout of the city, the setting of functional areas, and the dispersion of population living." Shan Jingjing, an associate researcher at the Institute of Urban and Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Times Weekly reporter.
Time Weekly reporter Chen Zexiu Cai Yingfa from Guangzhou
"In some areas, the development and construction of high-speed railway stations in the vicinity have problems such as excessive scale, high functional positioning, single development mode, and imperfect comprehensive support. There are certain social and economic risks." On May 7, the National Development and Reform Commission and natural resources The Ministry of Housing, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the China Railway Corporation jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Rational Development and Construction of the Areas Surrounding the High-speed Railway Station" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions").
In order to solve the above problems, the "Opinions" put forward a number of key tasks, including "location of new stations as far as possible in the central city or close to the urban built-up area" "resolutely prevent and control the tendency of simple real estate" "effectively prevent the development and construction of high-speed rail stations around the station Local government debt risk comesâ€.
According to incomplete statistics, as of April 2017, China has built 516 high-speed rail stations, and it is not uncommon for a city to have multiple high-speed rail stations. "Now the high-speed railway station at the national level, across provinces and major trunk lines has been basically completed. The rest is basically the intercity railway. I hope that the problem of the construction of the high-speed railway station in the suburbs can be changed in the future." School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University Associate Professor Zhu Zhiguo told the Times Weekly reporter.
High-speed rail station selection as close to the city as possible
In July 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the “Medium and Long-term Railway Network Plan†(2016-2025). The previous “four vertical and four horizontal†railway plans were changed to “eight vertical and eight horizontal†to realize the access to high-speed railways in provincial capitals. Efficient and convenient connection between the two.
As an important part of the “first vertical†coastal railway channel in the “eight vertical and eight horizontal†railway network, the Jiangzhan Railway in Guangdong Province will be completed and opened to traffic in the middle of this year. Kaiping South Railway Station is one of the new stations.
Since the construction started in July last year, the main project of Kaiping South Railway Station has been basically completed and has not yet been officially put into use. Recently, Time Weekly reporter went to Kaiping South Station to find out that the station is about 5 kilometers away from Kaiping City. As the construction unit of the station, Zhang Guozhong, chief engineer of Guangzhou Construction Co., Ltd. told the Times Weekly that the current location of the station is the junction of Taishan and Kaiping, and the flow of people and passengers are very large.
According to local media reports, the high-speed rail station was previously located far away from Kaiping City, but it was changed in view of the fact that the local economy was not very effective and the citizens were inconvenient to travel by car.
The "Opinions" issued this time also proposed that the location and scale of the high-speed rail station should be reasonably determined. The new railway line selection should minimize the division of the city. The site selection of the new station should be as close as possible to the central city or close to the urban built-up area to ensure the convenience of the people to take the high-speed rail.
However, not all high-speed rail stations are close to the downtown area. In fact, passengers who often go to Guangzhou South Railway Station to take the high-speed rail have a similar experience. From Guangzhou downtown, it takes more than one hour to get to Guangzhou South Railway Station, while the Guangzhou South Railway Station to Shenzhen North Railway Station takes only 29 minutes.
“The construction of high-speed rail has greatly reduced the distance between cities. However, as the scale of the city expands, the distance from the high-speed rail station to the interior of the city becomes larger. If the supporting infrastructure is insufficient to follow up, the transfer of the high-speed rail station is not efficient enough, resulting in The time has greatly expanded." Zhang Guohua, dean of the Transportation Planning Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, told the Times Weekly that to solve this problem, the high-speed rail station needs to be better integrated with the city's infrastructure network.
“The location of the high-speed railway station is related to the overall layout of the city, the setting of the functional area, and the degree of dispersion of the population.†Shan Jingjing, an associate researcher at the Institute of Urban and Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Times Weekly that the speed of the high-speed rail is fast. Crossing the city center will divide the city into two. The flow of people will also affect the operation of high-speed rail, posing a safety hazard. “General high-speed rail stations will be set on the edge of the city to minimize the impact on the overall operation of the city.†Shan Jingjing believes that the “Opinions†proposed this time suggest that the high-speed rail station should be as close as possible to the urban area, mainly because of the current downtown area of ​​many cities. It is still the main area where population is concentrated, and it is also the concentration of transportation. The high-speed rail is mainly based on the flow of people. If the high-speed rail station is set far away, people will have more travel needs on the road when they are on the high-speed rail. In order to reduce this crossover chaos, setting the high-speed rail station closer to the population concentration area is more economical for the city and makes everyone feel more convenient.
Zhu Zhiguo also believes that for small and medium-sized cities, high-speed rail is an industry that serves people's travel. The key is whether the flow of people and industrial layout can guide the past. He said that if the population growth in small and medium-sized cities is not fast and the scale of the city is slow, the high-speed railway station should be selected in the central city or close to the urban built-up area to facilitate people's travel. Commercially-oriented cities may have a faster population, and the scale of the city is growing faster. The urban land is in short supply and the price is relatively expensive. It can be properly separated from the city, but it needs perfect public transportation, otherwise it will not attract passengers.
Strictly control high-speed rail real estate
The rapid development of high-speed rail has created a high-speed rail economy, in which real estate has become a direct beneficiary of the high-speed rail economy.
Yu Ying, senior vice president of Baoneng Group, said in a public speech that the most important point affecting the future investment of real estate enterprises in China is the arrival of the high-speed rail city year. "Several cities with future Mi-shaped high-speed rail network fairs will be the point of great economic development, and housing enterprises should pay attention."
Green space is one of the earliest foreseeable "high-speed rail economy" to produce a huge effect. As early as 2013, it will invest in developing high-speed railway hub projects as a new driving force for transformation and development. It has successively established high-speed rail cores in Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Wuhan, Jinan and Hefei. The plot is invested. High-speed rail projects such as Xuzhou Greenland High-speed Railway Dongcheng, Zhengzhou Greenland Station Square, and Jinan Greenland Fun City were developed. Entering 2017, Greenland Group's high-speed rail development strategy continues to increase. It has won the core plots of high-speed rail sections in Chongqing Wanzhou, Guangdong Yangjiang, Hunan Zhuzhou and Anhui Suzhou. “Whoever first integrates into the high-speed rail economy will have the right to speak in the future.†Li Wei, deputy general manager of the Greenland Anhui Real Estate Division, said.
Another enterprise that actively participates in the construction of the high-speed rail new city is Huaxia Happiness. Apart from the green space, Huaxia Happiness has improved the construction and operation of the high-speed rail new city through the PPP model. Huaxia Happiness related person told the Times Weekly reporter that the construction of the development zone cannot be equated with real estate, and more importantly, the introduction of the industry. Real estate is only a package for the city.
The development of the high-speed rail economy has led to major housing companies arranging high-speed rail buildings. On the one hand, the various high-speed rails have sprung up. On the other hand, there are a lot of idle projects around the high-speed rail.
Ma Xiangming, chief planner of the Guangdong Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, told the Times Weekly that the development of the area around the high-speed rail is related to the industrial layout. The construction and maturity of any new district requires a process. In the future, with the entry of industry, the business district will be effectively developed.
At the same time, with the gathering of major housing companies, the land prices near the high-speed rail station are also climbing. For example, Zibo City, benefiting from the opening of high-speed rail, during the period of 2016-2017, the overall price increase of more than 50%, of which the high-speed rail area nearly doubled.
Foshan West Railway Station is a major transportation hub of Foshan. Since the construction, the surrounding housing prices have increased significantly. According to statistics, within 10 kilometers of the radius of Foshan West Station, there have been nearly 50 real estate projects. From the nearest section of the West Railway Station, the house price has risen from the previous 9 to the average price of 14,000/square meter.
This time, the "Opinions" put forward the tendency to resolutely prevent and control the simple real estate. The high-speed service industry, trade logistics, business exhibitions and other industrial functions can be studied in the vicinity of the high-speed railway station in the big city. The high-speed railway stations in small and medium-sized cities should rationally arrange the surrounding industries. , to properly develop commercial retail, hotel, catering and other industrial functions.
Yang Xuhong, deputy dean of Shanghai Yiju Real Estate Research Institute, said that the introduction of opinions will have an impact on the development model of real estate enterprises in the high-speed rail region. In the future, a single real estate development will gradually disappear and replace it with a commercial complex or a composite business. Yan Yuejin, research director of the Think Tank Real Estate Research Institute, also told reporters that the introduction of the guidance is mainly to prevent the disorderly development and blind expansion of the high-speed rail new city. Each region should combine its own development characteristics and adhere to the "first planning and development" approach. At the same time, housing companies should also adjust their operational ideas, from simple real estate development to commercial complexes.
“In the past, many high-speed rail new towns or new districts were mainly industrial parks, and they did not pay much attention to supporting facilities and public services.†Zhang Guohua believes that the location of high-speed rail stations places special emphasis on the efficient integration of urban development direction, industrial layout and spatial structure. . In terms of railways, when selecting routes, it is not necessary to connect based on how to build and operate in the past, but to consider the layout of the entire line, set up stations, and integrate with the development of the city. "In the past, the railways and local governments have done their own work. In the future, the two must go hand in hand to truly develop the city," said Zhang Guohua.
In 2013-2017, the national railway completed a fixed asset investment of 3.9 trillion yuan, and the newly added railway operating mileage was 29,400 kilometers, including high-speed rail of 15,700 kilometers. It is the most concentrated and intensive period of railway investment in history. In 2018, the national railway fixed assets investment remained at a scale of 732 billion yuan.
Next, what will happen to the development of high-speed rail? Single Jingjing said that in the transportation network, the first place is the central city because it can radiate a larger surface. As the network becomes more and more dense, more is the missing point. "This point may be small or medium-sized cities, or it may be some big cities that have not been covered before.
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