Introduction: People who know something about the textile industry know that no matter what kind of real silk they need to go through. The scouring of silk varies depending on the state of the fiber. The use of raw silk fabrics must be fully refined, and scouring silk and raw silk fabrics should not only prevent excessive refining of the scouring filaments, but also ensure that the raw silk is fully refined. Today we come to understand the common refining methods!
First, the water extraction method
When the silk is twisted, about 1 to 3% of the sericin in the hot water bath at 50-60°C will dissolve in the water. When such raw silk is put into hot water, the sericin will be intermittently dissolved. If you want to completely remove the sericin, you must use hot water at 120°C for 4 times for two hours. This high-temperature and high-pressure refining is used without the use of scouring agent. The method has the advantages that: (1) silk sericin can be recovered from the scouring waste liquid, and the recovered sericin can be used as a food additive and a cosmetic additive. (2) After a short time of high-temperature and high-pressure scouring followed by enzyme scouring, silk feels soft and yellowish.
Second, soap refining
The principle of soap scouring is: the soap is hydrolyzed in the bath, and the fatty acid is combined with the soap to form the fatty acid soap colloid (acid soap). When the soap is hydrolyzed, alkali and sericin chemically combine and expand to form sericin sodium salt. The extruded sericin and the acidic soap and the undecomposed soap will detach from the silk and separate from the sericin in the water. The soap emulsifies the water in the water. Dispersed and no longer adsorbed onto the silk, a portion of sericin decomposed in the bath.
The advantages of this scouring method are: (1) Silk is of superior quality and luster, better hand feel, (2) mild soap effect, high permeability, it is not easy to choose over-scoring and spotting, and bulky drape, white Degree, good gloss, and prevent creases and scratches.
Disadvantages are: (1) strong adsorption of silk, difficult to wash, residual soap will bring stains, yellowing, embrittlement, etc., (2) soap intolerant of hard water, high cost, can be added in the soap Na2SiO3, Na2SiO3, NaHCO3, Na3PO4, etc., not only improve the degumming rate, but also reduce the amount of soap.
Third, alkali refining
The principle of alkaline scouring is: Base attacks the peptide bond and hydrolyzes sericin. The advantages are: the degumming rate is higher than soap, hard water resistant, easy to wash after the residue. The disadvantages are: softness, whiteness, poor gloss, lack of bulkiness.
Fourth, acid refining
The principle of acid scouring is that the acid hydrolyzes the sericin protein, breaking the peptide bonds of the aspartic amino acids and glutamic acid.
The advantages of acid refining are: (1) cater to market demands. The use of acid scouring agent can easily control the degumming rate, and the degree of degumming can be partially degummed to meet some special needs in the market, such as three-point training, five-point training and seven-point training. (2) Energy-saving convenience. It can be scouring and dyeing in organic acid bath at high pressure under high pressure. It is more energy-saving and has better color fastness than atmospheric dyeing.
Five, enzyme refining
Enzymatic scouring is the use of proteolytic enzymes for scouring. Its advantages are: (1) good bulkiness, no lint, no damage to silk fibroin, and (2) removal of dirt caused by dead worms.
The above is a detailed explanation of the silk scouring method. When we conduct silk scouring, we choose the right method from the five methods of water extraction, soap scouring, alkali scouring, acid scouring and enzyme scouring!
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